The temporal lobe sits along the sides of the brain and orchestrates auditory processing, language comprehension, and long-term memory storage. Within it lie key structures: thehippocampus, critical for memory formation; theamygdala, for emotional salience; and thesuperior temporal gyrus, for decoding sound. It bridges sensory input (especially hearing and vision) with memory and meaning, linking past experience to present context. The temporal lobe also underpinsmusic perceptionand emotional tone in speech (prosody). Wilder Penfield’s electrical stimulation experiments in the 1950s revealed that stimulating this area could evoke vivid, memory-like experiences — showing how deeply the temporal cortex entwines memory, emotion, and identity.