Traditionally associated with coordination and balance, the cerebellum is now recognized for its broader contributions totiming, prediction, and cognitive precision. It refines both movement and thought by comparing intended actions with actual outcomes and adjusting accordingly — a kind of real-time error correction. Cerebellar loops connect with the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal regions, supporting everything from fine motor control to language rhythm. Damage here can cause not only ataxia (motor unsteadiness) but alsodysmetria of thought, a disruption of timing in cognition. Its name means “little brain,” but its surface area rivals that of the cerebrum.